Journal of Skin and Stem Cell
Volume:11 Issue: 1, Mar 2024

Rheumatological disorders are considered rare in children, with a global incidence of 2% - 5%. However, this number may be higher in developing countries due to underreporting. Approximately 10% - 20% of all rheumatological disorders in adults present initially during pediatric age. Rheumatological diseases exhibit a wide array of clinical presentations involving the skin, musculoskeletal system, vasculature, and various organ systems. Skin manifestations may serve as crucial clinical features in rheumatological diseases during the initial presentation. Rheumatic diseases with diverse dermatological manifestations are well-documented. Thorough and meticulous skin examination by pediatric rheumatologists is essential for accurate diagnosis and early treatment of these diseases. Our review proposes a collaborative approach between pediatric rheumatology and dermatology for managing such cases in the future.

 Eyelid tumors are common in the daily practice of skin tumors and are composed of benign and malignant lesions.

 This retrospective case series study collected histopathologic reports of eyelid tumors of patients treated between 2022 and 2023 in Razi and Farabi hospitals (Tehran, Iran). Patient data, including patient age, sex, location of the lesion, and recurrence, were collected. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to characterize the subgroups.

 The sample was composed of 154 eyelid tumor specimens, including 72 (47%) malignant cases, 80 (52%) benign cases, and 2 (1%) premalignant cases. Malignant tumors included 81.9% basal cell carcinomas (BCC), 15.3% basosquamous cell carcinomas (BSC), and 1.4% squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The benign eyelid lesions were comprised of 20% intradermal melanocytic nevus, 11.3% epidermal cyst, 7.6% dermoid cyst, 10% seborrheic keratosis, 6.3% xanthelasma, 2.5% wart, 3.8% compound nevus, 5% fibroconnective tissue, 3.8% squamous papilloma, 3.8% neurofibroma, 2.5% comedone,2.5% apocrine hidrocystoma, 2.5% foreign body type granuloma, and 1.3% of others (arteriovenous hemangioma, cavernous hemangioma, cutaneous horn, etc.) The premalignant lesions were 2 cases of actinic keratosis. Benign lesions had an equal frequency of occurrence in the upper and lower lids. Malignant lesions were seen more in the lower lid. Premalignant lesions were seen in the lower lid. The mean age at diagnosis was 45.8 ± 23.06 years for patients with benign lesions and 63.5 ± 16.7 years for patients with malignant lesions. The mean age for patients with premalignant lesions was 81.5 ± 9.19 years (P < 0.001).

 In our study, benign lesions were seen predominantly in young persons and malignant lesions were mostly seen in elderly persons. There is an equal occurrence of malignant lesions in males and females, and recurrence after excision was infrequent.

 Atopic dermatitis (AD) affects up to 20% of children worldwide and, as of now, it has no cure. The primary treatment for AD in children involves the use of topical corticosteroids.

 Our objective was to evaluate the potential for skin atrophy caused by the application of mometasone furoate 0.1% cream in children with moderate to severe AD.

 This study was a single-center, prospective cohort study involving 22 children aged 6-12 years with moderate to severe AD. The children applied topical mometasone furoate 0.1% cream for 6 weeks in a non-occlusive manner. We conducted dermoscopic and ultrasonographic assessments of skin atrophy at 0, 2, and 6 weeks into the treatment.

 All patients exhibited an improvement in skin erythema. At the beginning of the study, 91% of the patients had mild to moderate erythema, while 9.1% had severe erythema. After 6 weeks of using topical mometasone, 27.3% had mild erythema, and 72.7% had completely resolved erythema (P<0.001). None of the patients developed clinical signs of skin atrophy. The difference in ultrasonographic measurements in median dermal thickness between baseline and week 6 was 0.030 mm [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.00 - 0.07] (P = 0.533).

 Prolonged use of potent topical corticosteroids (TCS) beyond 2 weeks appears to be potentially beneficial without causing significant skin atrophy. Clinicians should not be discouraged from continuing the use of potent TCS if clinically necessary, as long as they maintain vigilant monitoring despite concerns about local side effects.

 Genital dermatoses can interfere with sexual functioning and self-image. Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are among the top 10 diseases in India.

 This study aimed to document the burden, clinico-etiological, and demographic profile of patients presenting with genital lesions, determine the proportions of the pediatric and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive patients, and identify contributory factors.

 This was a hospital-based cross-sectional observational study conducted at a tertiary hospital in Pune, India, in the Department of Dermatology and Pediatrics over a period of 2 months (July-August 2022). Patients presenting with genital lesions were enrolled after obtaining written informed consent. Relevant information was recorded using a predesigned proforma.

 A total of 83 patients comprised 77 adults, 3 (3.6%) pediatric patients and adolescents each, and 15 (18.1%) HIV-seropositive individuals. The adult male-to-female ratio was 1.2: 1. The mean age of adults was 37.01 ± 14.57 years. The most common STI and non-STI lesions were herpes genitalis and tinea cruris, respectively, with a similar trend in the HIV-seropositive group. All three pediatric cases had non-STI lesions; however, 66.7% of adolescents had STIs (vulvovaginal candidiasis and genital warts). Overall, there was a slightly higher preponderance of non-STI lesions (53.75%), and the majority of patients had lesions of infectious nature (86.25%). The most common identifiable risk factor was lack of circumcision (51.25%), followed by unprotected intercourse (22.5%). The presence of risk factors was significantly associated with male gender (P = 0.0001).

 This study emphasizes that besides STIs, non-STIs contribute substantially to genital diseases.

 Chronic wounds, which are persistent disruptions in skin integrity, represent a significant global health challenge. Various types of ulcers, including venous, arterial, diabetic, pressure, and traumatic ulcers, contribute to personal, professional, and societal burdens. Autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has emerged as a promising therapeutic option by leveraging the growth factors in platelets for tissue regeneration.

 This prospective study, conducted from December 2021 to December 2023, enrolled 10 patients with chronic ulcers. The PRP gel was prepared through a systematic process that included blood collection, centrifugation, and activation.

 The study included 8 males and 2 females, with an average age of 48.8 years. Ulcer etiologies encompassed diabetic foot ulcers, arterial ulcers, and venous ulcers, among others. The initial average surface area of the ulcers was 18.7 cm2. Complete healing was observed in a case of Buerger's disease, while very good healing was achieved in one diabetic foot ulcer, one venous ulcer, and another case of Buerger's disease. Moderate healing was noted in five cases of arterial ulcers, and poor healing was observed in one case of prolidase deficiency. The average surface area post-treatment for all patients was reduced to 8.05 cm2, with no reported pain or adverse effects.

 Platelet-rich plasma gel emerges as a promising alternative to traditional treatments, potentially lessening the overall impact on healthcare resources and enhancing the quality of life for individuals with chronic ulcers.

 Burns are wounds caused by thermal, chemical, electrical, or radiation injuries. They are complex wounds that are difficult to heal and are associated with thousands of deaths each year. Cinnamic acid (CA) is a natural organic compound found in plants, fruits, vegetables, and honey. CA possesses antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and wound healing properties.

 The aim of this study was to compare the healing effects of CA with silver sulfadiazine (SSD), a standard topical agent for burn treatment, on deep second-degree burns.

 This experimental study compared the healing effects of CA and SSD on second-degree burns. Fifteen New Zealand white rabbits weighing 2 to 2.3 kg were divided into 5 equal groups. Deep second-degree burn wounds were created on the backs of the rabbits by contacting a heated circular metal plate. The first group was treated with SSD 1% cream, the second, third, and fourth groups were treated with prepared ointments containing 0.1%, 0.5%, and 1% w/w of CA in Eucerin, respectively. The fifth group was treated with Eucerin alone. Wound healing effects were assessed by measuring the rate of wound contraction and the amount of collagen in tissue specimens obtained from different groups. Additionally, histopathological studies were performed on tissue samples.

 The results showed that CA was significantly more effective than SSD in burn wound healing. Cinnamic acid ointments significantly increased the rate of wound contraction (P < 0.05) and tissue collagen content (P < 0.001) compared to SSD and Eucerin.

 Our findings suggest that topical CA possesses burn wound healing properties and could be used as an effective topical agent for the treatment of burns.